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in respect of

  • 1 HABITUDO (CONDITION, APTITUDE, RELATION, RESPECT, CAPACITY FOR SOME THING)

    состояние, способность, отношение, соотнесенность, возможность для чего-либо; различие проводится между обладанием качеством по бытию и по способности, в отношении к бытию и в отношении к способности.

    Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > HABITUDO (CONDITION, APTITUDE, RELATION, RESPECT, CAPACITY FOR SOME THING)

  • 2 RESPECTUS (IN RESPECT TO)

    относительно, в отношении чего-либо; отношение вещи к принципу, из которого она проистекает; отношение творения к творцу; отношение.

    Латинский словарь средневековых философских терминов > RESPECTUS (IN RESPECT TO)

  • 3 veneratio

    respect, reverence, honor, veneration.

    Latin-English dictionary of medieval > veneratio

  • 4 veneratio

    vĕnĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] vénération, culte, respect religieux pour. [st2]2 [-] honneur, hommage, respect. [st2]3 [-] Just. vénération (qu'on inspire), dignité.    - habere venerationem, Cic.: avoir droit au respect ou inspirer le respect.    - in venerationem tui, Plin.-jn.: pour te rendre hommage.
    * * *
    vĕnĕrātĭo, ōnis, f. [st2]1 [-] vénération, culte, respect religieux pour. [st2]2 [-] honneur, hommage, respect. [st2]3 [-] Just. vénération (qu'on inspire), dignité.    - habere venerationem, Cic.: avoir droit au respect ou inspirer le respect.    - in venerationem tui, Plin.-jn.: pour te rendre hommage.
    * * *
        Veneratio, Verbale. Cic. Reverence qu'on fait à aucun à cause de son excellence, Veneration.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > veneratio

  • 5 cultus

    [st1]1 [-] cultus, a, um: part. passé de colo. - [abcl][b]a - cultivé, soigné. - [abcl]b - élégant. - [abcl]c - vêtu, orné. - [abcl]d - honoré, respecté, adoré.[/b] [st1]2 [-] cultŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - culture du sol, travail du laboureur, labour, labourage; soin matériel. - [abcl]b - culture, éducation. - [abcl]c - culte (respect rendu aux dieux ou à des hommes), témoignages de respect, respect, honneurs, égards. - [abcl]d - genre de vie, genre de civilisation; moeurs; vie de plaisir, luxe. - [abcl]e - appareil, parure, toilette, costume, habit; ornement (du style).[/b]    - agrorum cultus: les travaux des champs.    - deorum cultus: culte des dieux.    - regius cultus: costume royal.    - cultu quam maxume miserabili, Sall. J. 33, 1: dans la tenue la plus misérable.
    * * *
    [st1]1 [-] cultus, a, um: part. passé de colo. - [abcl][b]a - cultivé, soigné. - [abcl]b - élégant. - [abcl]c - vêtu, orné. - [abcl]d - honoré, respecté, adoré.[/b] [st1]2 [-] cultŭs, ūs, m.: - [abcl][b]a - culture du sol, travail du laboureur, labour, labourage; soin matériel. - [abcl]b - culture, éducation. - [abcl]c - culte (respect rendu aux dieux ou à des hommes), témoignages de respect, respect, honneurs, égards. - [abcl]d - genre de vie, genre de civilisation; moeurs; vie de plaisir, luxe. - [abcl]e - appareil, parure, toilette, costume, habit; ornement (du style).[/b]    - agrorum cultus: les travaux des champs.    - deorum cultus: culte des dieux.    - regius cultus: costume royal.    - cultu quam maxume miserabili, Sall. J. 33, 1: dans la tenue la plus misérable.
    * * *
        Cultus, Participium. Orné, ou labouré et cultivé.
    \
        Cultus veste candida sacerdos. Plin. Orné, Paré.
    \
        Cultus, Nomen adiectiuum: vt Cultissimum rus. Columel. Tresbien pensé, soigné, traicté, accoustré, equipé et labouré.
    \
        Animus cultus. Cic. Orné de sciences et vertus.
    \
        Culta fides. Valer. Flac. Fidelité et loyaulté gardee et observee.
    \
        Vestes cultae. Claud. Ornees, Parees, Attifees, Coinctes.
    \
        Cultus, huius cultus. Cic. Labour, ou Ornement, Parement.
    \
        Biuius agrorum cultus. Varro. Le labour et cultivement des terres gist et consiste en deux choses, en science et experience.
    \
        Crinalis cultus. Claud. Ornement de cheveulx, Parement, Attifement.
    \
        Laeto cultu conuiuia. Valer. Flac. Banquets bien apprestez.
    \
        Luxuriosus cultus. Quintil. Superflu.
    \
        Modicus cultu. Plin. iunior. Sobre en accoustremens.
    \
        Mollissimus cultus. Cic. Effeminé.
    \
        Mundior iusto cultus. Liu. Plus brave que de raison.
    \
        Affectare cultum effusiorem in verbis. Quintil. Elegance.
    \
        Cultus hominis. Cic. L'ornement de l'homme quand aux sciences et vertus.
    \
        Cultus vitae. Cic. Honnesteté et commodité de vivre.
    \
        Cultu humili aliquem edicare. Liu. Nourrir petitement sans grand estat, Luy bailler petit estat.
    \
        Cultu vacantes regiones. Cic. Qui ne sont point habitees ne labourees, demeurantes en gast et en friche.
    \
        Hominum cultus. Tacit. Habitation des hommes.
    \
        Cultus animi. Cic. Ornement de l'ame, comme vertus et sciences.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > cultus

  • 6 custodia

    custōdĭa, ae, f. [custos]    - gén. arch. custodias (Charis.). [st1]1 [-] action de garder, garde, surveillance; observation, respect.    - custodiae causā, Caes.: pour monter la garde.    - agitare custodiam, Plaut. Rud.: faire bonne garde.    - custodia justitiae, Cic.: le respect de la justice.    - custodia suae religionis, Quint.: respect de la foi jurée.    - custodia decoris, Quint.: le souci de l'honneur. [st1]2 [-] surtout au plur. garde, sentinelles, corps de garde, patrouille.    - custodias disponere, Caes.: placer des sentinelles. [st1]3 [-] poste militaire, poste de garde, poste.    - haec (urbs) mea sedes est, haec custodia, Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24: ici est mon domicile, ici mon poste. [st1]4 [-] prison, détention.    - in custodiam includere (dare): jeter en prison, mettre en prison.    - aliquem alicui in custodiam dare, Suet.: remettre à qqn la garde de qqn.    - esse in custodia publica, Cic.: être renfermé dans une prison publique.    - e custodia aliquem educere (eripere): délivrer qqn de prison.    - comprehenditur ab rege et in custodia necatur, Caes. BC. 3: il est arrêté par ordre du roi, et mis à mort dans la prison. [st1]5 [-] prisonnier, détenu.    - custodiarum seriem recognoscere, Suet.: lire la liste des détenus.    - eādem catenā et custodiam et militem copulat, Sen. Ep. 5, 7: la même chaîne réunit le soldat et le prisonnier.
    * * *
    custōdĭa, ae, f. [custos]    - gén. arch. custodias (Charis.). [st1]1 [-] action de garder, garde, surveillance; observation, respect.    - custodiae causā, Caes.: pour monter la garde.    - agitare custodiam, Plaut. Rud.: faire bonne garde.    - custodia justitiae, Cic.: le respect de la justice.    - custodia suae religionis, Quint.: respect de la foi jurée.    - custodia decoris, Quint.: le souci de l'honneur. [st1]2 [-] surtout au plur. garde, sentinelles, corps de garde, patrouille.    - custodias disponere, Caes.: placer des sentinelles. [st1]3 [-] poste militaire, poste de garde, poste.    - haec (urbs) mea sedes est, haec custodia, Cic. Phil. 12, 10, 24: ici est mon domicile, ici mon poste. [st1]4 [-] prison, détention.    - in custodiam includere (dare): jeter en prison, mettre en prison.    - aliquem alicui in custodiam dare, Suet.: remettre à qqn la garde de qqn.    - esse in custodia publica, Cic.: être renfermé dans une prison publique.    - e custodia aliquem educere (eripere): délivrer qqn de prison.    - comprehenditur ab rege et in custodia necatur, Caes. BC. 3: il est arrêté par ordre du roi, et mis à mort dans la prison. [st1]5 [-] prisonnier, détenu.    - custodiarum seriem recognoscere, Suet.: lire la liste des détenus.    - eādem catenā et custodiam et militem copulat, Sen. Ep. 5, 7: la même chaîne réunit le soldat et le prisonnier.
    * * *
        Custodia, custodiae. Le guet et la garde qu'on fait sur aucun.
    \
        Custodia iustitiae. Cic. La garde et entretenement de la societé des hommes provenant de justice.
    \
        In custodiam alterius se tradere. Plaut. Se mettre en la sauvegarde d'aucun.
    \
        Custodia, Qui custoditur. Sueton. Prisonnier.
    \
        Custodiae, custodiaruum. Cic. Ceulx qui gardent aucun, La garde, ou Les gardes.
    \
        Custodia. Colum. Plin. Une prison.
    \
        Dare aliquem in custodiam. Cic. Le mettre en prison.
    \
        Educere aliquam ex custodia. Cic. La mettre hors de prison.
    \
        Custodia. Cic. Le lieu où quelque chose est gardee.
    \
        Custodia corporis. Cic. Le tabernacle de nostre corps, où l'esprit est logé.
    \
        Vt illae tabulae priuata tamen custodia continerentur. Cic. Soubs la garde d'un homme privé.
    \
        Custodia. Cic. La tour du guet, La guette.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > custodia

  • 7 verecundia

    vĕrēcundĭa, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] retenue, réserve, pudeur, modestie, discrétion.    - Cic. Rep. 5, 6 ; Fin. 4, 18 ; Off. 1, 129, etc.    - verecundiae fines transire, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3, passer les bornes de la pudeur, de la réserve.    - quae verecundia est +prop. inf. Liv. 21, 19, 9: quelle pudeur y a-t-il à ce que... = n'y a-t-il pas impudence à...?.    - gén. subj. verecundia Platonis, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 5: la réserve de Platon. --- cf. Cic. Att. 8, 6, 4.    - mea in rogando verecundia, Cic. Q. 3, 14, 10: ma discrétion dans la sollicitation.    - verecundia sermonis, Liv. 26, 50, 4: la réserve d'un entretien.    - gén. obj. verecundia turpitudinis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 74: la retenue devant l'infamie = la crainte de.    - cf. Cic. Or. 238; Quint. 3, 5, 15. [st1]2 [-] respect de qqn, de qqch.    - verecundia parentis, vitrici, deorum, Liv. 39, 11, 2 ; legum, Liv. 10, 13, 8: respect d'une mère, d'un beau-père, des dieux, des lois.    - cf. Liv. 1, 6, 4 ; 2, 36, 3; Quint. 6, 3, 64.    - notae verecundiae esse, Quint. 6, 3, 33: être entouré d'un respect manifeste. [st1]3 [-] honte devant une chose blâmable, sentiment de honte.    - verecundia eos cepit Saguntum... esse, Liv. 24, 42, 9: la honte les prit à la pensée que Sagonte était...    - verecundiae erat equitem... pugnare, Liv. 3, 62, 9: ils avaient honte de voir la cavalerie combattre... [st1]4 [-] excessive modestie, timidité.    - Quint. 72, 5, 2, etc.
    * * *
    vĕrēcundĭa, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] retenue, réserve, pudeur, modestie, discrétion.    - Cic. Rep. 5, 6 ; Fin. 4, 18 ; Off. 1, 129, etc.    - verecundiae fines transire, Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 3, passer les bornes de la pudeur, de la réserve.    - quae verecundia est +prop. inf. Liv. 21, 19, 9: quelle pudeur y a-t-il à ce que... = n'y a-t-il pas impudence à...?.    - gén. subj. verecundia Platonis, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 5: la réserve de Platon. --- cf. Cic. Att. 8, 6, 4.    - mea in rogando verecundia, Cic. Q. 3, 14, 10: ma discrétion dans la sollicitation.    - verecundia sermonis, Liv. 26, 50, 4: la réserve d'un entretien.    - gén. obj. verecundia turpitudinis, Cic. Tusc. 5, 74: la retenue devant l'infamie = la crainte de.    - cf. Cic. Or. 238; Quint. 3, 5, 15. [st1]2 [-] respect de qqn, de qqch.    - verecundia parentis, vitrici, deorum, Liv. 39, 11, 2 ; legum, Liv. 10, 13, 8: respect d'une mère, d'un beau-père, des dieux, des lois.    - cf. Liv. 1, 6, 4 ; 2, 36, 3; Quint. 6, 3, 64.    - notae verecundiae esse, Quint. 6, 3, 33: être entouré d'un respect manifeste. [st1]3 [-] honte devant une chose blâmable, sentiment de honte.    - verecundia eos cepit Saguntum... esse, Liv. 24, 42, 9: la honte les prit à la pensée que Sagonte était...    - verecundiae erat equitem... pugnare, Liv. 3, 62, 9: ils avaient honte de voir la cavalerie combattre... [st1]4 [-] excessive modestie, timidité.    - Quint. 72, 5, 2, etc.
    * * *
        Verecundia, verecundiae. Cic. Honte, Vergongne.
    \
        Adducere in verecundiam. Liu. Faire honteux.
    \
        Verecundia. Plin. iunior. Modestie, Modesteté.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > verecundia

  • 8 castus

    1.
    castus, a, um, adj. [i. e. cas-tus, partic., kindr. to Sanscr. çludh, to cleanse; Gr. kath-aros; Germ. keusch, heiter; cf. the opp. in-ces-tus, impure, Bopp, Gloss. 351, 6; Pott. 1, 252].
    I.
    In gen., morally pure, unpolluted, spotless, guiltless, = purus, integer (gen. in respect to the person himself, while candidus signifies pure, just, in respect to other men; v. Doed. Syn. p. 196 sq.;

    class. in prose and poetry): castus animus purusque,

    Cic. Div. 1, 53, 121; cf.:

    vita purissima et castissima,

    id. Rosc. Com. 6, 17; and:

    quis hoc adulescente castior? quis modestior? quis autem illo qui maledicit impurior?

    id. Phil. 3, 6, 15:

    perjurum castus (fraudasse dicatur),

    id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

    castissimum quoque hominem ad peccandum potuisse impellere,

    id. Inv. 2, 11, 36:

    nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen,

    Verg. A. 6, 563:

    populus Et frugi castusque verecundusque,

    Hor. A. P. 207:

    qui (animi) se integros castosque servavissent,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72; cf. id. Font. 10, 22; id. Cael. 18, 42:

    M. Crassi castissima domus,

    id. ib. 4, 9:

    signa,

    signs, indications of innocence, Ov. M. 7, 725:

    fides,

    inviolable, Sil. 13, 285:

    Saguntum,

    id. 3, 1.—With ab:

    decet nos esse a culpā castos,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 23; so,

    res familiaris casta a cruore civili,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 4, 8.—
    II.
    In respect to particular virtues.
    A.
    Most freq., esp. in poetry, in regard to sexual morality, pure, chaste, unpolluted, virtuous, continent:

    Latona,

    Enn. Trag. 424 Vahl.; cf.

    Minerva,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 23; Cat. 16, 5; 62, 23; Tib. 1, 3, 83; Ov. M. 2, 544; 2, 711:

    hostia = Iphigenia,

    Lucr. 1, 98:

    Bellerophon,

    Hor. C. 3, 7, 15:

    matres,

    Verg. A. 8, 665:

    maritae,

    Ov. F. 2, 139.— With ab:

    castus ab rebus venereis,

    Col. 9, 14, 3.—Of inanimate things:

    lectulus,

    Cat. 64, 87:

    cubile,

    id. 66, 83:

    flos virginis,

    id. 62, 46:

    gremium,

    id. 65, 20:

    vultus,

    Ov. M. 4, 799:

    domus,

    Cat. 64, 385; Hor. C. 4, 5, 21 al.—
    b.
    Trop., of style, free from barbarisms, pure:

    Caius Caesar sermonis praeter alios suae aetatis castissimi,

    Gell. 19, 8, 3.—
    B.
    In a religious respect, pious, religious, holy, sacred, = pius:

    hac casti maneant in religione nepotes,

    Verg. A. 3, 409 Wagn.—

    So, Aeneas (for which elsewhere pius in Verg.),

    Hor. C. S. 42:

    sacerdotes,

    Verg. A. 6, 661:

    et sanctus princeps,

    Plin. Pan. 1, 3:

    ego qui castam contionem, sanctum campum defendo (in respect to the preceding: in Campo Martio, comitiis centuriatis auspicato in loco),

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11.—Of things: sacrae, religiosae castaeque res, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 8:

    haud satis castum donum deo,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45; cf.

    festa,

    Ov. Am. 3, 13, 3:

    taedae,

    Verg. A. 7, 71 Serv.:

    ara castis Vincta verbenis,

    Hor. C. 4, 11, 6:

    crines,

    Ov. M. 15, 675:

    laurus,

    Tib. 3, 4, 23:

    castior amnis (sc. Musarum),

    Stat. S. 4, 7, 12; cf.:

    castum flumen (on account of the nymphs),

    Claud. III. Cons. Stil. 260:

    luci,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 59:

    nemus,

    Tac. G. 40:

    pura castaque mens,

    Plin. Pan. 3 fin.: casta mola genus sacrificii, quod Vestales virgines faciebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 65 Müll.—As epith. ornans of poetry, since it is used in defence of the Deity: casta poesis, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 14 (it is erroneously explained by Non. by suavis, jucundus).—
    2.
    Hence, subst.: castum, i, n., a festival, or period of time consecrated to a god, during which strict continence was enjoined, Fest. p. 124, 25 Müll.:

    Isidis et Cybeles,

    Tert. Jejun. 16.—
    C.
    In respect to the property and rights of others, free from, abstinent, disinterested: manus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 267, 12:

    homo castus ac non cupidus,

    Cic. Sest. 43, 93:

    castissimus homo atque integerrimus,

    id. Fl. 28, 68.— Adv.: castē.
    A.
    (Acc. to I.) Purely, spotlessly, without stain, uprightly:

    agere aetatem suam,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 149:

    et integre vivere,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 63; id. Imp. Pomp. 1, 2.—
    B.
    (Acc. to II. A.) Chastely, virtuously: caste se habere a servis, C. Gracch. ap. Gell. 15, 12, 3:

    tueri eloquentiam ut adultam virginem,

    Cic. Brut. 95, 330.—Of language, properly, correctly, classically:

    caste pureque linguā Latinā uti,

    Gell. 17, 2, 7.—
    2.
    (Acc. to II. B.) Piously, religiously:

    placare deos,

    Ov. P. 2, 1, 33; cf. Cic. N. D. 1, 2, 3; Suet. Aug. 6.— Comp., Liv. 10, 7, 5.— Sup., Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 1.
    2.
    castus, ūs (abl. heterocl. casto, Tert. Jejun. 16; Fest. s. v. minuitur, p. 154, 6 Müll.), m. [1. castus], ante- and post-class. for castimonia, an abstinence from sensual enjoyments on religious grounds, Naev. ap. Non. p. 197, 16; Varr. ib.; Gell. 10, 15, 1; Arn. 5, p. 167.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > castus

  • 9 acquiro

    acquīro (adquīro), ĕre, quīsīvī, quīsītum [ad + quaero] - tr. -    - formes syncopées: acquisisti Cic. Fam. 6, 11, 2 ; acquisierint Cic. de Or. 3, 131; acquisierat Just. 16, 2, 2 ; 39, 2, 2 ; acquisierant Bell. Afr. 47, 4 ; acquisisses Quint. Decl. 321 p. 262 ; acquisisse Sen. Contr. 1 pr. 14. [st1]1 [-] ajouter à, acquérir en plus.    - acquirere aliquid ad vitae fructum, Cic. Cat. 3, 28: ajouter qqch aux avantages qu'on a déjà dans la vie. --- cf. Fam. 3, 7, 5.    - absol. acquirere ad fidem, Cic. Cat. 2, 18: ajouter à (augmenter) son crédit.    - aliquid adquirere, Caes. BG. 7, 59, 4: acquérir qqch en plus, obtenir qq avantage.    - acquirere dignitatem, Cic. Att. 6, 11, 2: augmenter la considération dont on jouit.    - vires adquirit eundo, Virg. En. 4, 175: [la renommée] acquiert une plus grande force (augmente sa force) en cheminant.    - nihil sibi acquirens, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9: sans chercher à augmenter en rien son avoir.    - ea illi plurimum venerationis adquirunt, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6, cet extérieur lui attire par surcroît beaucoup de respect.    - acquirere amicos, Sall.: se faire des amis.    - acquirere moram, Cic. Caecin. 2: gagner du temps.    - acquirere famam, Phaedr. 1, 14: se faire une réputation. [st1]2 [-] acquérir, [se] procurer.    - adquirendae pecuniae brevius iter, Tac. An. 16, 17: un chemin plus court pour s'enrichir.    - acquirere reverentiam nomini, Traj. d. Plin. Ep. 10, 82, 1: attirer le respect sur son nom.    - absol. acquirere: acquérir, s'enrichir. --- Quint. 12, 7, 10 ; Juv. 14, 125.    - justa acquirendi ratio, Quint. 12, 7, 10: moyen légitime de faire fortune.
    * * *
    acquīro (adquīro), ĕre, quīsīvī, quīsītum [ad + quaero] - tr. -    - formes syncopées: acquisisti Cic. Fam. 6, 11, 2 ; acquisierint Cic. de Or. 3, 131; acquisierat Just. 16, 2, 2 ; 39, 2, 2 ; acquisierant Bell. Afr. 47, 4 ; acquisisses Quint. Decl. 321 p. 262 ; acquisisse Sen. Contr. 1 pr. 14. [st1]1 [-] ajouter à, acquérir en plus.    - acquirere aliquid ad vitae fructum, Cic. Cat. 3, 28: ajouter qqch aux avantages qu'on a déjà dans la vie. --- cf. Fam. 3, 7, 5.    - absol. acquirere ad fidem, Cic. Cat. 2, 18: ajouter à (augmenter) son crédit.    - aliquid adquirere, Caes. BG. 7, 59, 4: acquérir qqch en plus, obtenir qq avantage.    - acquirere dignitatem, Cic. Att. 6, 11, 2: augmenter la considération dont on jouit.    - vires adquirit eundo, Virg. En. 4, 175: [la renommée] acquiert une plus grande force (augmente sa force) en cheminant.    - nihil sibi acquirens, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9: sans chercher à augmenter en rien son avoir.    - ea illi plurimum venerationis adquirunt, Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 6, cet extérieur lui attire par surcroît beaucoup de respect.    - acquirere amicos, Sall.: se faire des amis.    - acquirere moram, Cic. Caecin. 2: gagner du temps.    - acquirere famam, Phaedr. 1, 14: se faire une réputation. [st1]2 [-] acquérir, [se] procurer.    - adquirendae pecuniae brevius iter, Tac. An. 16, 17: un chemin plus court pour s'enrichir.    - acquirere reverentiam nomini, Traj. d. Plin. Ep. 10, 82, 1: attirer le respect sur son nom.    - absol. acquirere: acquérir, s'enrichir. --- Quint. 12, 7, 10 ; Juv. 14, 125.    - justa acquirendi ratio, Quint. 12, 7, 10: moyen légitime de faire fortune.
    * * *
        Acquiro, acquiris, pen. prod. acquisiui, acquisitum, pen. pro. acquirere, Ex ad, et quaero. Acquerir, Conquerir, Conquester.
    \
        Ad honorem et gloriam aliquid acquirere. Cic. Augmenter son honneur et sa gloire, Adjouster quelque chose à, etc.
    \
        Beneuolentiam acquirere. Quint. Acquerir ou gaigner la faveur.
    \
        Moram ad condemnandum. Cic. Trouver moyen de recouvrer delay, avant que condamner. \ Opes. Ouid. Richesses.
    \
        Studia vulgi. Tacit. Acquerir la faveur du peuple commun.
    \
        Vires. Virgil. Forces.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > acquiro

  • 10 officium

    offĭcĭum, ĭi, n. [st1]1 [-] fonction, charge, service, emploi, office, occupation, travail, métier.    - nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis vacare officio potest, Cic. De Off. 1, 2: à aucun moment de la vie publique ou privée, il ne peut manquer d’y avoir un office à remplir.    - officia civilia, Cic.: affaires publiques.    - officiorum per officia processus, Sen.: emplois qui mènent à d'autres emplois.    - novum officium a voluptatibus, Suet. Tib. 42: nouvelle charge, celle d'intendant des plaisirs.    - officio praesse, Caes.: être préposé à un service.    - officium vatis peragere, Just.: remplir les fonctions de devin.    - officium corporis, Lucr. 1, 336: propriété que possède le corps.    - pes non satis suum officium facit, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 3: le pied ne fonctionne pas bien.    - supellex quae pluribus officiis conteritur, Quint.: objets usés à force de servir.    - confecto legationis officio, Caes. BC. 3, 103: après avoir rempli leur mission.    - toti officio maritimo praesse: être placé à la tête de l’ensemble des affaires navales. [st1]2 [-] au plur. officiers (civils ou militaires), employés, fonctionnaires, familiers.    - officia admissiōnis, Suet.: huissiers chargés d'introduire.    - officia palatina, Treb. Poll. Gall. 17, 8: officiers de la cour impériale. [st1]3 [-] devoir, obligation morale, obligation.    - officio fungi: faire son devoir, remplir son devoir.    - ad officium pertinet... Cic.: c'est un devoir de...    - esse in officio: faire son devoir, remplir son devoir, être dans son devoir.    - ad officium redire: rentrer dans le devoir.    - ad officium reducere: faire rentrer dans le devoir.    - discedere ab officio, deserere officium: manquer à son devoir.    - in officio manere, Cic.: rester dans le devoir.    - de officiis praecepta, Cic.: règles du devoir.    - omnibus officiis amicitiae servatis, Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: ayant observé toutes les obligations de l'amitié.    - summo officio praeditus homo, Cic. Verr. 2: homme esclave des devoirs, homme extrêmement obligeant. [st1]4 [-] devoir d'obéissance, fidélité au devoir, soumission.    - continere in officio, Caes.: maintenir dans le devoir.    - officio assuefactus, Caes.: accoutumé à l'obéissance.    - Sallustius officio vincit omnes, Cic. Fam. 14: Sallustius l'emporte sur tout le monde par son dévouement. [st1]5 [-] service volontaire, bienfait, service rendu, bons offices.    - conscientia meorum officiorum, Cic.: la conscience des services que je rends.    - officium suum praestare alicui: rendre service à qqn ou assister qqn (dans un procès).    - litterae plenae officii, Cic.: lettre affectueuse. [st1]6 [-] devoir de déférence, serviabilité, politesse, obligeance, civilités, hommage, honneurs rendus, témoignages de respect.    - officia urbana, Nep.: devoirs de politesse.    - officium nuptiarum celebrare, Suet.: assister à une noce.    - officio togae virilis interesse, Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2: assister à une prise de toge virile.    - specie officii, Suet.: sous prétexte de rendre ses devoirs.    - novorum consulum officium, Suet. Caes. 50: visites aux consuls nouveaux.    - officia legum, Tac.: respect des lois.    - officia suprema, Tac.: les derniers devoirs. [st1]7 [-] complaisance honteuse, service amoureux. [st1]8 [-] amis, appuis, courtisans, escorte, cortège, suite.    - cum officio angelorum, Tert.: avec le cortège des anges. [st1]9 [-] salle d'audience.    - praetoris officium, Plin. Ep. 1: le prétoire.
    * * *
    offĭcĭum, ĭi, n. [st1]1 [-] fonction, charge, service, emploi, office, occupation, travail, métier.    - nulla vitae pars neque publicis neque privatis vacare officio potest, Cic. De Off. 1, 2: à aucun moment de la vie publique ou privée, il ne peut manquer d’y avoir un office à remplir.    - officia civilia, Cic.: affaires publiques.    - officiorum per officia processus, Sen.: emplois qui mènent à d'autres emplois.    - novum officium a voluptatibus, Suet. Tib. 42: nouvelle charge, celle d'intendant des plaisirs.    - officio praesse, Caes.: être préposé à un service.    - officium vatis peragere, Just.: remplir les fonctions de devin.    - officium corporis, Lucr. 1, 336: propriété que possède le corps.    - pes non satis suum officium facit, Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 3: le pied ne fonctionne pas bien.    - supellex quae pluribus officiis conteritur, Quint.: objets usés à force de servir.    - confecto legationis officio, Caes. BC. 3, 103: après avoir rempli leur mission.    - toti officio maritimo praesse: être placé à la tête de l’ensemble des affaires navales. [st1]2 [-] au plur. officiers (civils ou militaires), employés, fonctionnaires, familiers.    - officia admissiōnis, Suet.: huissiers chargés d'introduire.    - officia palatina, Treb. Poll. Gall. 17, 8: officiers de la cour impériale. [st1]3 [-] devoir, obligation morale, obligation.    - officio fungi: faire son devoir, remplir son devoir.    - ad officium pertinet... Cic.: c'est un devoir de...    - esse in officio: faire son devoir, remplir son devoir, être dans son devoir.    - ad officium redire: rentrer dans le devoir.    - ad officium reducere: faire rentrer dans le devoir.    - discedere ab officio, deserere officium: manquer à son devoir.    - in officio manere, Cic.: rester dans le devoir.    - de officiis praecepta, Cic.: règles du devoir.    - omnibus officiis amicitiae servatis, Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3: ayant observé toutes les obligations de l'amitié.    - summo officio praeditus homo, Cic. Verr. 2: homme esclave des devoirs, homme extrêmement obligeant. [st1]4 [-] devoir d'obéissance, fidélité au devoir, soumission.    - continere in officio, Caes.: maintenir dans le devoir.    - officio assuefactus, Caes.: accoutumé à l'obéissance.    - Sallustius officio vincit omnes, Cic. Fam. 14: Sallustius l'emporte sur tout le monde par son dévouement. [st1]5 [-] service volontaire, bienfait, service rendu, bons offices.    - conscientia meorum officiorum, Cic.: la conscience des services que je rends.    - officium suum praestare alicui: rendre service à qqn ou assister qqn (dans un procès).    - litterae plenae officii, Cic.: lettre affectueuse. [st1]6 [-] devoir de déférence, serviabilité, politesse, obligeance, civilités, hommage, honneurs rendus, témoignages de respect.    - officia urbana, Nep.: devoirs de politesse.    - officium nuptiarum celebrare, Suet.: assister à une noce.    - officio togae virilis interesse, Plin. Ep. 1, 9, 2: assister à une prise de toge virile.    - specie officii, Suet.: sous prétexte de rendre ses devoirs.    - novorum consulum officium, Suet. Caes. 50: visites aux consuls nouveaux.    - officia legum, Tac.: respect des lois.    - officia suprema, Tac.: les derniers devoirs. [st1]7 [-] complaisance honteuse, service amoureux. [st1]8 [-] amis, appuis, courtisans, escorte, cortège, suite.    - cum officio angelorum, Tert.: avec le cortège des anges. [st1]9 [-] salle d'audience.    - praetoris officium, Plin. Ep. 1: le prétoire.
    * * *
        Officium, officii, ab efficiendo. Cic. Ce que chascun doibt faire selon droict et raison, Le debvoir.
    \
        Officium et munus oculorum. Cic. L'office des yeulx.
    \
        Suprema officia. Tacit. Obseques et funerailles d'un trespassé.
    \
        Triste officium. Ouid. Funerailles.
    \
        Officii causa prosequi aliquem. Liu. Accompaigner aucun quand il va en quelque lieu, pour luy faire honneur.
    \
        Officia mutua. Cic. Plaisirs qu'on fait les uns aux autres.
    \
        Studia et officia. Cic. Faveurs et plaisirs.
    \
        Summo officio praeditus homo. Cicero. Qui fait du tout son debvoir, et qui ne se vouldroit en rien mesprendre.
    \
        Officia vrbana. Balbus Ciceroni. Plaisirs et services de ville.
    \
        Celebrare suprema officia. Curt. Faire les obseques et funerailles d'un trespassé.
    \
        Decedere officio, vel de officio, Faire son debvoir. Vide DECEDO.
    \
        Deesse officio. Cic. Ne faire point son debvoir.
    \
        Detrectare sua officia. Quintil. Refuser à faire son offre et son debvoir.
    \
        Discedere ab officio. Cic. Ne faire plus son debvoir.
    \
        Officii duxit. Suet. Il a estimé que c'estoit son office de faire, etc.
    \
        Fungi officio paedagogorum. Quintil. Faire l'office des, etc.
    \
        Fungi supremo in aliquem officio. Curt. Faire les obseques et funerailles d'un trespassé.
    \
        Hominis frugi et temperantis functus officium. Terent. Il a faict en homme de bien, Il a faict ce qu'un homme de bien debvoit faire.
    \
        Intermittere officium. Cic. Laisser à faire son debvoir.
    \
        Persoluere officium receptum alicui. Cic. Faire son debvoir envers aucun ainsi qu'on avoit promis de faire.
    \
        Retinere officia. Cic. Faire tousjours son debvoir.
    \
        Omnia officia amicitiae seruare. Cic. Faire tout debvoir envers son ami.
    \
        Officium tuum est. Terent. C'est ton office, C'est à faire à toy.
    \
        Quid officii mei esse putas? Sueton. Que doy je faire à ton advis pour mon honneur? B.
    \
        Neutiquam officium esse liberi puto, postulare id gratiae apponi sibi. Terent. Je ne pense point que ce soit faict d'un, etc.
    \
        In officio esse. Cic. Faire son debvoir, Faire ce qu'on doibt faire.
    \
        Officium aliquod vsurpare. Cic. Exercer voluntiers quelque acte de vertu.
    \
        Licet filicem sine iniuria vicini, etiam cum officio decidere. Colum. Mesme on luy fera plaisir et service de ce faire.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > officium

  • 11 religio

    rĕlĭgĭo (poét. rellĭgĭo), ōnis, f. [st1]1 [-] ce qui attache ou retient (au fig.); lien moral, obligation de conscience, attachement au devoir, sentiment d'honneur, intégrité, loyauté.    - homo sine ullâ religione ac fide, Nep.: homme sans honneur et sans foi.    - religio (jurisjurandi): respect pour la foi jurée, religion du serment, serment.    - quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit, Caes. BC. 1, 67: parce que le soldat effrayé dans une guerre civile [a pris l'habitude] = a l'habitude d’obéir à la crainte plus qu’à son serment. [st1]2 [-] inquiétude de conscience, scrupule, conscience; soins minutieux (d'un auteur), goût scrupuleux, délicatesse, exactitude.    - religionem alicui offerre (inducere, injicere): inspirer des scrupules à qqn.    - religioni aliquid habere: se faire un scrupule de quelque chose.    - religionem adhibere: montrer du scrupule.    - religio est mihi dicere, Ter.: je me fais un scrupule de dire.    - religioni alicujus servire, Liv.: ménager la délicatesse de qqn.    - religionem solvere (exsolvere, eximere) ou religione servare: lever un scrupule.    - augures consulti eam religionem exemere, Liv. 4, 31: les augures consultés levèrent ce scrupule.    - religio Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam occideret, Cic.: le scrupule n'avait pas empêché Marius de punir de mort Glaucia. [st1]3 [-] lien qui rattache l'homme à la Divinité, religion, sentiment religieux, piété.    - inclita justitia religioque Numae Pompili erat, Liv. 1: Numa Pompilius était bien connu pour son sens de la justice et pour sa piété.    - justitia erga deos religio dicitur, Cic.: la justice envers les dieux est appelée religion.    - religio civitatis apparuerat, Liv. 5: le sentiment religieux de la cité s'était manifesté. [st1]4 [-] crainte religieuse, scrupule, idée superstitieuse, superstition, préjugé religieux, fanatisme.    - religiones in rem publicam inducere, Cic.: introduire des superstitions dans la république.    - religio portenti, Just.: idée superstitieuse qu'on attache à un prodige. [st1]5 [-] religion, culte religieux, honneur rendu aux dieux, rites, pratiques religieuses, doctrine religieuse, obligation religieuse.    - in bello religionem retinere, Cic.: respecter pendant la guerre les pratiques religieuses.    - de religionibus sacris et caerimoniis est contionatus Clodius, Cic.: Clodius a prononcé une harangue sur le culte et sur les cérémonies religieuses.    - Druides religiones interpretantur, Caes. B. G. 6, 13: les Druides règlent les pratiques religieuses.    - restituere civitati religionem, Cic.: rendre à la cité son culte. [st1]6 [-] caractère religieux, caractère sacré; respect religieux, sainteté, vénération.    - fani religio, Cic.: caractère religieux d'un lieu consacré.    - religio terrebat agrestes dira loci, Virg. En. 8, 349: la redoutable sainteté du lieu épouvantait les paysans.    - religio signi: vénération pour une statue. [st1]7 [-] objet du culte, chose sacrée.    - religionum praedo, Cic.: voleur d'objets sacrés. [st1]8 [-] avertissement des dieux, présage, oracle.    - dixit religio, Virg.: l'oracle a prédit. [st1]9 [-] dette envers les dieux; infraction à la loi religieuse, impiété, sacrilège, profanation.    - se religione exsolvere, Liv. 5: s'acquitter d'une dette envers les dieux.    - alicujus supplicio religionem expiare, Cic.: punir le sacrilège de qqn.    - sine religione, Cic.: sans profanation.
    * * *
    rĕlĭgĭo (poét. rellĭgĭo), ōnis, f. [st1]1 [-] ce qui attache ou retient (au fig.); lien moral, obligation de conscience, attachement au devoir, sentiment d'honneur, intégrité, loyauté.    - homo sine ullâ religione ac fide, Nep.: homme sans honneur et sans foi.    - religio (jurisjurandi): respect pour la foi jurée, religion du serment, serment.    - quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit, Caes. BC. 1, 67: parce que le soldat effrayé dans une guerre civile [a pris l'habitude] = a l'habitude d’obéir à la crainte plus qu’à son serment. [st1]2 [-] inquiétude de conscience, scrupule, conscience; soins minutieux (d'un auteur), goût scrupuleux, délicatesse, exactitude.    - religionem alicui offerre (inducere, injicere): inspirer des scrupules à qqn.    - religioni aliquid habere: se faire un scrupule de quelque chose.    - religionem adhibere: montrer du scrupule.    - religio est mihi dicere, Ter.: je me fais un scrupule de dire.    - religioni alicujus servire, Liv.: ménager la délicatesse de qqn.    - religionem solvere (exsolvere, eximere) ou religione servare: lever un scrupule.    - augures consulti eam religionem exemere, Liv. 4, 31: les augures consultés levèrent ce scrupule.    - religio Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam occideret, Cic.: le scrupule n'avait pas empêché Marius de punir de mort Glaucia. [st1]3 [-] lien qui rattache l'homme à la Divinité, religion, sentiment religieux, piété.    - inclita justitia religioque Numae Pompili erat, Liv. 1: Numa Pompilius était bien connu pour son sens de la justice et pour sa piété.    - justitia erga deos religio dicitur, Cic.: la justice envers les dieux est appelée religion.    - religio civitatis apparuerat, Liv. 5: le sentiment religieux de la cité s'était manifesté. [st1]4 [-] crainte religieuse, scrupule, idée superstitieuse, superstition, préjugé religieux, fanatisme.    - religiones in rem publicam inducere, Cic.: introduire des superstitions dans la république.    - religio portenti, Just.: idée superstitieuse qu'on attache à un prodige. [st1]5 [-] religion, culte religieux, honneur rendu aux dieux, rites, pratiques religieuses, doctrine religieuse, obligation religieuse.    - in bello religionem retinere, Cic.: respecter pendant la guerre les pratiques religieuses.    - de religionibus sacris et caerimoniis est contionatus Clodius, Cic.: Clodius a prononcé une harangue sur le culte et sur les cérémonies religieuses.    - Druides religiones interpretantur, Caes. B. G. 6, 13: les Druides règlent les pratiques religieuses.    - restituere civitati religionem, Cic.: rendre à la cité son culte. [st1]6 [-] caractère religieux, caractère sacré; respect religieux, sainteté, vénération.    - fani religio, Cic.: caractère religieux d'un lieu consacré.    - religio terrebat agrestes dira loci, Virg. En. 8, 349: la redoutable sainteté du lieu épouvantait les paysans.    - religio signi: vénération pour une statue. [st1]7 [-] objet du culte, chose sacrée.    - religionum praedo, Cic.: voleur d'objets sacrés. [st1]8 [-] avertissement des dieux, présage, oracle.    - dixit religio, Virg.: l'oracle a prédit. [st1]9 [-] dette envers les dieux; infraction à la loi religieuse, impiété, sacrilège, profanation.    - se religione exsolvere, Liv. 5: s'acquitter d'une dette envers les dieux.    - alicujus supplicio religionem expiare, Cic.: punir le sacrilège de qqn.    - sine religione, Cic.: sans profanation.
    * * *
        Religio, religionis, foem. gen. Cic. Le soing et la cure qu'on ha d'obeir à Dieu, Religion, Crainte et amour de Dieu.
    \
        Ludibria religionum sunt haec. Liu. C'est se mocquer de Dieu. B.
    \
        Colere religionem. Cic. Servir bien Dieu.
    \
        Eripere religionem e domo Pontificis. Cic. La profaner.
    \
        Venire in religionem res aliqua dicitur. Cic. Quand les gents en commencent à faire scrupule.
    \
        Religio officii. Cic. Le soing qu'on met à faire son debvoir.
    \
        Religio. Plin. iunior. Un fort grand chagrin et soing qu'on ha de bien faire quelque chose.
    \
        Religio. Cic. Scrupule de conscience.
    \
        Religio est mihi. Terent. J'en fay conscience.
    \
        Religio mihi non est quo minus hoc faciam. Cic. Je ne fay point de conscience de faire cela.
    \
        Eximere religionem. Liuius. Oster le scrupule, Mettre hors de scrupule.
    \
        Exoluere religione, Vide EXOLVO. Oster le scrupule, Mettre hors de scrupule de conscience.
    \
        Religione se exoluere. Liu. Descharger sa conscience. B.
    \
        Habere religioni. Cicero. Craindre de faire quelque chose, En faire conscience.
    \
        Inducere religionem. Cic. Mettre en scrupule.
    \
        Obligare religione vel obstringere. Cic. Charger la conscience d'autruy, Le mettre en scrupule de conscience.
    \
        Offerre religionem alicui. Cic. Le mettre en scrupule et crainte de conscience.
    \
        Perfundere animos religione. Liu. Exciter à devotion. B.
    \
        Tangi religione. Liu. Estre esmeu de la crainte de Dieu.
    \
        Vertere in religionem. Liu. Faire conscience de quelque chose, Doubter et craindre que ce ne plaise point à Dieu.
    \
        Exemplar antiquae religionis. Cicero. Un exemplaire d'une droicte et bonne conscience.
    \
        Tum intelligetis qua religione dicant. Cic. De quelle fidelité et conscience ou preud'hommie.
    \
        Testimoniorum religionem et fidem nunquam ista natio coluit. Cic. Elle ne feit jamais compte ne conscience de se parjurer, et d'avoir esgard à son serment.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > religio

  • 12 veneror

    vĕnĕror, āri, ātus sum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] adorer, vénérer, révérer, témoigner un respect religieux à. [st2]2 [-] vénérer (qqn), lui témoigner son respect, lui rendre des hommages, faire sa cour à, saluer. [st2]3 [-] prier, supplier.
    * * *
    vĕnĕror, āri, ātus sum - tr. - [st2]1 [-] adorer, vénérer, révérer, témoigner un respect religieux à. [st2]2 [-] vénérer (qqn), lui témoigner son respect, lui rendre des hommages, faire sa cour à, saluer. [st2]3 [-] prier, supplier.
    * * *
        Veneror, pen. corr. veneraris, venerari. Cic. Avoir en reverence, Porter reverence, Venerer, Honorer.
    \
        Deos venerari. Virgil. Adorer.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > veneror

  • 13 verecundor

    vĕrēcundor, āri, ātus sum [st1]1 [-] avoir de la honte, de la timidité, se gêner.    - Plaut. Trin. 478 ; Cic. de Or. 3, 36.    - verecundari + inf. Cic. de Or. 2, 249: craindre de, ne pas oser. [st1]2 [-] exprimer le respect.    - manus verecundantur, Quint. 2, 3, 87: les mains expriment du respect.
    * * *
    vĕrēcundor, āri, ātus sum [st1]1 [-] avoir de la honte, de la timidité, se gêner.    - Plaut. Trin. 478 ; Cic. de Or. 3, 36.    - verecundari + inf. Cic. de Or. 2, 249: craindre de, ne pas oser. [st1]2 [-] exprimer le respect.    - manus verecundantur, Quint. 2, 3, 87: les mains expriment du respect.
    * * *
        Verecundor, verecundaris, verecundari, pe. prod. Cic. Avoir honte, Estre honteux, Estre vergongneux.

    Dictionarium latinogallicum > verecundor

  • 14 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 15 gravis

    grăvis, e, adj. [Sanscr. gurus (root gar-); Gr. barus, heavy; gravis, for gar-uis; cf. also Brutus]. With respect to weight, heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome; or pass., loaded, laden, burdened (opp. levis, light; in most of its significations corresp. to the Gr. barus; cf. onerosus, onerarius).
    I.
    Lit. Absol. or with abl.
    1.
    In gen.: imber et ignis, spiritus et gravis terra, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 37 Müll.; so,

    tellus,

    Ov. M. 7, 355:

    corpora,

    Lucr. 2, 225 sq.; cf. id. 5, 450 sq.:

    limus,

    id. 5, 496:

    in eo etiam cavillatus est, aestate grave esse aureum amiculum, hieme frigidum,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83:

    navigia,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8, 4; cf.:

    tot ora navium gravi Rostrata duci pondere,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 17:

    cum gravius dorso (aselli) subiit onus,

    id. S. 1, 9, 21:

    sarcina,

    id. Ep. 1, 13, 6: inflexi grave robur aratri, Verg. G. 1, 162:

    cujus (tibicinae) Ad strepitum salias terrae gravis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 26: terra, burdened (by the heavy body), Ov. M. 12, 118:

    naves hostilibus spoliis graves,

    heavily laden, Liv. 29, 35, 5; cf.:

    agmen grave praedā,

    id. 21, 5, 8;

    for which also simply: grave agmen,

    id. 31, 39, 2:

    miles,

    heavy-armed, Tac. A. 12, 35:

    gravis aere dextra,

    Verg. E. 1, 36:

    cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua venit Pergama et armatum peditem gravis attulit alvo,

    i. e. filled, full, id. A. 6, 516 (an imitation of Maximo saltu superavit Gravidus armatis equus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2; v. gravidus, II. b):

    graves imbre nubes,

    Liv. 28, 15, 11:

    graves fructu vites,

    Quint. 8, 3, 8:

    gravis vinculis,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 10.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    With respect to value or number, heavy, great. So, aes grave, heavy money, money of the oldest standard, in which an as weighed a full pound: grave aes dictum a pondere, quia deni asses, singuli pondo libras, efficiebant denarium, etc., Paul. ex Fest. p. 98 Müll.:

    et quia nondum argentum signatum erat, aes grave plaustris quidam (ex patribus) ad aerarium convehentes, etc.,

    Liv. 4, 60, 6; 10, 46, 5; 22, 33, 2 et saep.:

    populus Romanus ne argento quidem signato ante Pyrrhum regem devictum usus est: librales appendebantur asses. Quare aeris gravis poena dicta,

    Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 42: argentum, i. e. uncoined = rude:

    placet argentum grave rustici patris sine ullo opere et nomine artificis,

    Sen. Tranq. 1, 4:

    notavit aliquos, quod pecunias levioribus usuris mutuati graviore fenore collocassent,

    at a higher rate, Suet. Aug. 39; cf.:

    in graviore annona,

    id. ib. 25: grave pretium, a high price, Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 314, 25.—With respect to number: graves pavonum greges, great or numerous flocks, Varr. ap. Non. 314, 31. —
    b.
    For the usual gravidus, with young, pregnant ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    regina sacerdos Marte gravis,

    Verg. A. 1, 274; cf.

    uterus (shortly after: gravidus tumet venter),

    Ov. M. 10, 495:

    balaenae utero graves (shortly before, gravidae),

    Plin. 9, 6, 5, § 13.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of hearing or sound, deep, grave, low, bass (opp. acutus, treble):

    vocem ab acutissimo sono usque ad gravissimum sonum recipiunt,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 59, 251; cf. id. ib. 3, 57, 216:

    qui (sonus) acuta cum gravibus temperans, varios aequabiliter concentus efficit,

    id. Rep. 6, 18:

    vox,

    Quint. 11, 3, 17; 42: sonus, 2, 8, 15; 5, 10, 125; 11, 3, 41; Ov. M. 12, 203:

    tenor,

    Quint. 1, 5, 26:

    syllaba,

    i. e. unaccented, id. 1, 5, 22 sq.; 12, 10, 33.—
    2.
    Of smell or flavor, strong, unpleasant, offensive:

    an gravis hirsutis cubet hircus in alis,

    rank, Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

    chelydri,

    Verg. G. 3, 415:

    ellebori,

    id. ib. 3, 451:

    odor calthae,

    strong, Plin. 21, 6, 15, § 28; cf.:

    herba odore suaviter gravi,

    id. 25, 9, 70, § 118; cf.

    117: habrotonum odore jucunde gravi floret,

    id. 21, 10, 34, § 60: absynthium ut bibam gravem, i. e. bitter, Varr. ap. Non. 19, 27, and 314, 14.—
    3.
    Of the state of the body or health, gross, indigestible, unwholesome, noxious, severe; sick:

    (Cleanthes) negat ullum esse cibum tam gravem, quin is die et nocte concoquatur,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 9, 24; so,

    genera cibi graviora,

    Cels. 2, 18:

    gravissima bubula (caro),

    id. ib.:

    pisces gravissimi,

    id. ib.:

    neque ex salubri loco in gravem, neque ex gravi in salubrem transitus satis tutus est,

    id. 1, 3; cf.:

    solum caelumque juxta grave,

    Tac. H. 5, 7:

    solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra,

    Verg. E. 10, 75:

    anni tempore gravissimo et caloribus maximis,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 16, 1; cf.:

    gravis auctumnus in Apulia circumque Brundisium ex saluberrimis Galliae et Hispaniae regionibus, omnem exercitum valetudine tentaverat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 2 fin.:

    grave tempus et forte annus pestilens erat urbi agrisque,

    Liv. 3, 6, 1; cf. also id. 3, 8, 1:

    aestas,

    Verg. G. 2, 377:

    morbo gravis,

    sick, id. ib. 3, 95; cf.:

    gravis vulnere,

    Liv. 21, 48, 4:

    aetate et viribus gravior,

    id. 2, 19, 6:

    gravior de vulnere,

    Val. Fl. 6, 65:

    non insueta graves tentabunt pabula fetas,

    sick, feeble, Verg. E. 1, 50; so absol.:

    aut abit in somnum gravis,

    heavy, languid, Lucr. 3, 1066.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In a bad sense, heavy, burdensome, oppressive, troublesome, grievous, painful, hard, harsh, severe, disagreeable, unpleasant (syn.: molestus, difficilis, arduus): qui labores morte finisset graves, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115:

    quod numquam tibi senectutem gravem esse senserim... quibus nihil est in ipsis opis ad bene beateque vivendum, iis omnis aetas gravis est,

    Cic. de Sen. 2, 4; cf.:

    onus officii,

    id. Rosc. Am. 38, 112; id. Rep. 1, 23:

    et facilior et minus aliis gravis aut molesta vita est otiosorum,

    id. Off. 1, 21, 70; id. Rep. 1, 4:

    miserior graviorque fortuna,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32, 4:

    haec si gravia aut acerba videantur, multo illa gravius aestimare debere, etc.,

    id. ib. 7, 14 fin.:

    velim si tibi grave non erit, me certiorem facias,

    Cic. Fam. 13, 73, 2:

    grave est homini pudenti petere aliquid magnum,

    id. Fam. 2, 6, 1; id. Att. 1, 5, 4:

    est in populum Romanum grave, non posse, etc.,

    id. Balb. 7, 24:

    verbum gravius,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

    ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret... quod si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20, 1 and 4:

    gravissimum supplicium,

    id. ib. 1, 31, 15:

    habemus senatusconsultum in te, Catilina, vehemens et grave,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 3:

    edictum,

    Liv. 29, 21, 5:

    gravioribus bellis,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 40:

    gravis esse alicui,

    id. Fam. 13, 76, 2; cf.:

    adversarius imperii,

    id. Off. 3, 22, 86:

    gravior hostis,

    Liv. 10, 18, 6:

    senes ad ludum adolescentium descendant, ne sint iis odiosi et graves,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 43:

    gravis popularibus esse coepit,

    Liv. 44, 30, 5.—Prov.:

    gravis malae conscientiae lux est,

    Sen. Ep. 122.—
    B.
    In a good sense, weighty, important, grave; with respect to character, of weight or authority, eminent, venerable, great:

    numquam erit alienis gravis, qui suis se concinnat levem,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

    quod apud omnes leve et infirmum est, id apud judicem grave et sanctum esse ducetur?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 6:

    ea (honestas) certe omni pondere gravior habenda est quam reliqua omnia,

    id. Off. 3, 8, 35; id. Deiot. 2, 5:

    cum gravibus seriisque rebus satisfecerimus,

    id. ib. 1, 29, 103:

    auctoritas clarissimi viri et in rei publicae maximis gravissimisque causis cogniti,

    id. Fam. 5, 12, 7; cf. causa, Lucil. ap. Non. 315, 31; Quint. 1, 2, 3; Caes. B. C. 1, 44, 4:

    gravius erit tuum unum verbum ad eam rem, quam centum mea,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 107:

    ut potentia senatus atque auctoritas minueretur: quae tamen gravis et magna remanebat,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 34:

    sententiis non tam gravibus et severis quam concinnis et venustis,

    id. Brut. 95, 325:

    gravior oratio,

    id. de Or. 2, 56, 227:

    nihil sibi gravius esse faciendum, quam ut, etc.,

    id. Clu. 6, 16:

    inceptis gravibus et magna professis,

    Hor. A. P. 14:

    exemplum grave praebet ales, etc.,

    id. C. 4, 11, 26:

    non tulit ullos haec civitas aut gloria clariores, aut auctoritate graviores, aut humanitate politiores,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 37, 154:

    et esse et videri omnium gravissimus et severissimus,

    id. ib. 2, 56, 228:

    homo prudens et gravis,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 38:

    neque oratio abhorrens a persona hominis gravissimi,

    id. Rep. 1, 15 fin.:

    auctor,

    id. Pis. 6, 14:

    testis,

    id. Fam. 2, 2:

    non idem apud graves viros, quod leviores (decet),

    Quint. 11, 1, 45:

    vir bonus et gravis,

    id. 11, 3, 184:

    gravissimi sapientiae magistri,

    id. 12, 1, 36:

    tum pietate gravem ac meritis si forte virum quem Conspexere,

    Verg. A. 1, 151:

    gravissima civitas,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 3:

    gravem atque opulentam civitatem vineis et pluteis cepit,

    an important city, Liv. 34, 17, 12.— Hence, adv.: grăvĭter.
    1.
    Weightily, heavily, ponderously (very rare):

    aëra per purum graviter simulacra feruntur,

    Lucr. 4, 302; cf.:

    graviter cadere,

    id. 1, 741; Ov. P. 1, 7, 49.—
    b.
    Transf.
    (α).
    Of tones, deeply:

    natura fert, ut extrema ex altera parte graviter, ex altera autem acute sonent,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 18; Lucr. 4, 543.—Far more freq.,
    (β).
    Vehemently, strongly, violently:

    graviter crepuerunt fores,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 3, 52; so,

    spirantibus flabris,

    Lucr. 6, 428; Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 2:

    pertentat tremor terras,

    Lucr. 6, 287:

    ferire aliquem,

    Verg. A. 12, 295:

    conquassari omnia,

    Lucr. 5, 105; cf.:

    quae gravissime afflictae erant naves,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 31, 2.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Vehemently, violently, deeply, severely; harshly, unpleasantly, disagreeably:

    graviter aegrotare,

    Cic. Off. 1, 10, 32:

    se habere,

    id. Att. 7, 2, 3:

    neque is sum, qui gravissime ex vobis mortis periculo terrear,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 30, 2:

    gravissime dolere,

    id. ib. 5, 54 fin.:

    quem ego amarem graviter,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 87; cf.: placere occoepit graviter, postquam est mortua, [p. 829] Caecil. ap. Non. 314, 19:

    tibi edepol iratus sum graviter,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 2:

    cives gravissime dissentientes,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27:

    si me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque offensum viderem,

    id. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

    graviter angi,

    id. Lael. 3, 10:

    tulit hoc commune dedecus jam familiae graviter filius,

    with chagrin, vexation, id. Clu. 6, 16; cf.:

    graviter et acerbe aliquid ferre,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 152:

    graviter accipere aliquid,

    id. de Or. 2, 52, 211; Tac. A. 13, 36; cf.:

    adolescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 62:

    nolo in illum gravius dicere,

    more harshly, id. Ad. 1, 2, 60; cf.:

    de amplissimis viris gravissime acerbissimeque decernitur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 5, 4; id. B. G. 3, 16, 4; cf.

    also: severe et graviter et prisce agere,

    Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

    ut non gravius accepturi viderentur, si nuntiarentur omnibus eo loco mortem oppetendam esse,

    more sorrowfully, Liv. 9, 4, 6.—
    b.
    In an impressive or dignified manner, impressively, gravely, seriously, with propriety or dignity:

    his de rebus tantis tamque atrocibus neque satis me commode dicere neque satis graviter conqueri neque satis libere vociferari posse intelligo. Nam commoditati ingenium, gravitati aetas, libertati tempora sunt impedimento,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 4, 9:

    (Scipio) utrumque egit graviter,

    with dignity, id. Lael. 21, 77:

    res gestas narrare graviter,

    id. Or. 9, 30; cf.:

    locum graviter et copiose tractare,

    id. Fin. 4, 2, 5.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > gravis

  • 16 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 17 cedo

    1.
    cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. [perh. for cecado, redupl. from cado], to go, i. e. to be in motion, move, walk, go along.
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Lit. (rare, and only poet.: for which, in the common lang., incedo);

    candidatus cedit hic mastigia,

    Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 10:

    non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer,

    id. Ps. 4, 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 74; Hor. S. 2, 1, 65.—More freq.,
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    Like ire, to have some result, to eventuate, happen, result, turn out, to work; and, acc. to its connection, to turn out well or ill, to succeed or fail:

    gesta quae prospere ei cesserunt,

    Nep. Timoth. 4, 6; Sall. C. 26, 5; Tac. A. 1, 28:

    cetera secundum eventum proelii cessura,

    id. H. 3, 70; Suet. Aug. 91; Gell. 4, 5, 4:

    bene,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; Ov. M. 8, 862; Plin. Pan. 44 fin.:

    optime,

    Quint. 10, 7, 14:

    male,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; and:

    male alicui,

    Ov. M. 10, 80; Suet. Claud. 26; cf. Verg. A. 12, 148; Quint. 10, 2, 16:

    utcumque cesserit,

    Curt. 7, 4, 16; cf. Suet. Calig. 53; Tac. Agr. 18:

    parum,

    Suet. Claud. 34:

    opinione tardius,

    id. Ner. 33:

    pro bono,

    id. Tit. 7:

    in vanum (labor),

    Sen. Hippol. 183. —
    2.
    Cedere pro aliquā re, to be equivalent to, to go for something, to be the price of:

    oves, quae non peperint, binae pro singulis in fructu cedent,

    Cato, R. R. 150, 2; Col. 12, 14; Tac. G. 14; Pall. Sept. 1, 4.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    In respect to the terminus a quo.
    1.
    To go from somewhere, to remove, withdraw, go away from, depart, retire (freq. and class.):

    cedunt de caelo corpora avium,

    Enn. Ann. 96 Vahl.:

    quia postremus cedis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 29:

    ego cedam atque abibo,

    Cic. Mil. 34, 93:

    cedens carinā,

    Cat. 64, 249; cf. id. 64, 53:

    quoquam,

    Lucr. 5, 843:

    aliquo sucus de corpore cessit,

    id. 3, 223:

    coma de vertice,

    Cat. 66, 39:

    e toto corpore anima,

    Lucr. 3, 210:

    ex ingratā civitate,

    Cic. Mil. 30, 81:

    e patriā,

    id. Phil. 10, 4, 8:

    patriā,

    id. Mil. 25, 68:

    Italiā,

    id. Phil. 10, 4, 8; Nep. Att. 9, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85 fin. —
    b.
    Milit. t. t.:

    de oppidis,

    to abandon, go away from, Cic. Att. 7, 22, 2:

    loco,

    to yield, give up his post, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2; Liv. 2, 47, 3; Tac. G. 6; Suet. Aug. 24 et saep.:

    ex loco,

    Liv. 3, 63, 1:

    ex acie,

    id. 2, 47, 2.—
    c.
    In commercial lang. t. t.: foro, to withdraw from the market, i. e. to give up business, be insolvent, stop payment, Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2; Juv. 11, 50.—So also,
    d.
    Bonis or possessionibus (alicui), to give up or cede one ' s property or interest (in favor of a person):

    alicui hortorum possessione,

    Cic. Mil. 27, 75; so id. Off. 2, 23, 82; cf. Suet. Tib. 10; id. Caes. 72; id. Ner. 35; id. Gram. 11.— Hence of debtors, to make over their property instead of payment; cf. Dig. 42, 3, tit. de cessione bonorum.—
    2.
    Pregn. (cf. abeo, II.), to pass away, disappear; and specif.,
    a.
    Of men, to die:

    vitā,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 35; Hor. S. 1, 1, 119:

    e vita,

    Cic. Brut. 1, 4; Plin. Pan. 43, 4; cf.

    senatu,

    to withdraw from, Tac. A. 2, 48; 11, 25.—
    b.
    Of time, to pass away, vanish:

    horae quidem cedunt et dies et menses et anni,

    Cic. Sen. 19, 69. —
    c.
    Of other things: pudor ex pectore cessit, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 250, 26:

    memoriā,

    Liv. 2, 33, 9 (for which:

    excedere memoriā,

    Liv. 7, 32, 15; and:

    excedere e memoriā,

    id. 26, 13, 5):

    non Turno fiducia cessit,

    Verg. A. 9, 126:

    cedant curaeque metusque,

    Stat. S. 1, 2, 26 et saep.; cf. cesso.—
    3.
    Trop.: cedere alicui or absol., to yield to one (to his superiority), to give the preference or precedence, give place to, submit to (class.; esp. freq. in the histt., of the weaker party, withdrawing, fleeing from).
    a.
    To yield to, give place to:

    quācumque movemur, (aër) videtur quasi locum dare et cedere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 83:

    cedebat victa potestas,

    Lucr. 5, 1271:

    ubi vinci necesse est, expedit cedere,

    Quint. 6, 4, 16; 11, 1, 17; 12, 10, 47; cf. Sall. J. 51, 1:

    Viriatho exercitus nostri imperatoresque cesserunt,

    Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40; Nep. Ham. 1, 2; Sall. J. 51, 4; Liv. 2, 10, 7; Tac. A. 1, 56; 4, 51; Suet. Tib. 16 et saep.:

    Pelides cedere nescius,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 6:

    di, quibus ensis et ignis Cesserunt,

    i. e. who remained unhurt in the destruction of Troy, Ov. M. 15, 862:

    eidem tempori, ejusdem furori, eisdem consulibus, eisdem minis, insidiis, periculis,

    Cic. Sest. 29, 63; so,

    fortunae,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    invidiae ingratorum civium,

    Nep. Cim. 3, 2:

    majorum natu auctoritati,

    id. Timoth. 3, 4:

    nocti,

    Liv. 3, 17, 9, and 3, 60, 7; 4, 55, 5; cf. Quint. 5, 11, 9:

    loco iniquo, non hosti cessum,

    Liv. 8, 38, 9:

    oneri,

    Quint. 10, 1, 24:

    vincentibus vitiis,

    id. 8, 3, 45:

    malis,

    Verg. A. 6, 95 et saep.—
    b.
    To yield to in rank, distinction, etc., i. e. to be inferior to:

    cum tibi aetas nostra jam cederet, fascesque summitteret,

    Cic. Brut. 6, 22:

    nullā aliā re nisi immortalitate cedens caelestibus,

    id. N. D. 2, 61, 153:

    neque multum cedebant virtute nostris,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 36: Picenis cedunt pomis Tiburtia suco;

    Nam facie praestant,

    Hor. S. 2, 4, 70; so,

    anseribus (candore),

    Ov. M. 2, 539:

    laudibus lanificae artis,

    id. ib. 6, 6;

    5, 529: cum in re nullā Agesilao cederet,

    Nep. Chabr. 2, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 108:

    alicui de aliquā re,

    Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80:

    alicui re per aliquid,

    id. 33, 3, 19, § 59.— Impers.:

    ut non multum Graecis cederetur,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; Liv. 24, 6, 8. —
    c.
    To comply with the wishes, to yield to one:

    cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,

    Cic. Lig. 7, 21; cf. Tac. A. 12, 5:

    precibus,

    Cic. Planc. 4, 9:

    cessit tibi blandienti Cerberus,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 15;

    cf,

    id. Ep. 1, 18, 43 sq.; Verg. A. 2, 704; 3, 188; Ov. M. 6, 32; 6, 151; 9, 13;

    9, 16: omnes in unum cedebant,

    Tac. A. 6, 43; 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 12, 10 and 41.—Hence,
    4.
    Act.: cedere (alicui) aliquid = concedere, to grant, concede, allow, give up, yield, permit something to some one:

    permitto aliquid iracundiae tuae, do adulescentiae, cedo amicitiae, tribuo parenti,

    Cic. Sull. 16, 46:

    multa multis de jure suo,

    id. Off. 2, 18, 64:

    currum ei,

    Liv. 45, 39, 2:

    victoriam hosti,

    Just. 32, 4, 7:

    alicui pellicem et regnum,

    id. 10, 2, 3:

    imperium,

    id. 22, 7, 4:

    possessionem,

    Dig. 41, 2, 1:

    in dando et cedendo loco,

    Cic. Brut. 84, 290.—Also with a clause as object, Stat. Th. 1, 704 (but in Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67, read credit).—And with ut and subj.:

    hac victoriā contenta plebes cessit patribus, ut in praesentiā tribuni crearentur, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 42, 3; Tac. A. 12, 41: non cedere with quominus, Quint. 5, 7, 2.—
    B.
    In respect to the terminus ad quem, to arrive, attain to, come somewhere:

    cedunt, petunt,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles, aes petit,

    id. ib. 3, 5, 52.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    hoc cedere ad factum volo,

    come to its execution, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 102.—
    C.
    Cedere alicui or in aliquem, to come to, fall ( as a possession) to one, to fall to his lot or share, [p. 308] accrue:

    ut is quaestus huic cederet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:

    captiva corpora Romanis cessere,

    Liv. 31, 46, 16:

    nolle ominari quae captae urbi cessura forent,

    id. 23, 43, 14; Verg. A. 3, 297; 3, 333; 12, 17; 12, 183; Hor. C. 3, 20, 7; Ov. M. 5, 368; 4, 533:

    undae cesserunt piscibus habitandae,

    id. ib. 1, 74 al.:

    alicui in usum,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 134:

    Lepidi atque Antonii arma in Augustum cessere,

    Tac. A. 1, 1; so id. H. 3, 83; id. Agr. 5; id. A. 2, 23:

    aurum ex hostibus captum in paucorum praedam cessisse,

    Liv. 6, 14, 12; Curt. 7, 6, 16; Tac. A. 15, 45; for which: cedere praedae (dat.) alicujus, Liv. 43, 19, 12; and:

    praeda cedit alicui,

    Hor. C. 3, 20, 7:

    ab Tullo res omnis Albana in Romanum cesserit imperium,

    Liv. 1, 52, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 174:

    in dicionem M. Antonii provinciae cesserant,

    Tac. H. 5, 9.—
    D.
    Cedere in aliquid, like abire in aliquid (v. abeo, II.), to be changed or to pass into something, to be equivalent to or become something:

    poena in vicem fidei cesserat,

    Liv. 6, 34, 2; cf.:

    temeritas in gloriam cesserat,

    Curt. 3, 6, 18; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91; Tac. H. 2, 59 fin.; id. G. 36; Plin. Pan. 83, 4:

    in proverbium,

    Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 42:

    in exemplorum locum,

    Quint. 5, 11, 36.—Hence, * cēdenter, adv. of the part. pres. cedens (not used as P. a.), by yielding, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 16, 129.
    2.
    cĕdo, old imperat. form, whose contr. plur. is cette (cf. Prob. II. p. 1486 P.; Non. p. 84, 31 sq.) [compounded of the particle -ce and the root da-; v. 1. do], hither with it! here! give! tell, say (implying great haste, familiarity, authority, and so differing from praebe, dic, etc.); cf. Key, § 731.
    I.
    In gen., hither with it, give or bring here.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    cette manus vestras measque accipite,

    Enn. Trag. 320 Vahl.:

    cedo aquam manibus,

    give water! Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:

    puerum, Phidippe, mihi cedo: ego alam,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 86:

    tuam mi dexteram,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28; so Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 84; and:

    cette dextras,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 4:

    senem,

    bring hither the old man, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:

    convivas,

    Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 101:

    quemvis arbitrum,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43: eum aliquis cette in conspectum, Att. ap. Non. p. 85, 1:

    cedo illum,

    Phaedr. 5, 2, 6.—
    (β).
    Absol.: Al. En pateram tibi: eccam. Am. Cedo mi, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 146. —
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    Let us hear, tell, out with it:

    age, age, cedo istuc tuom consilium: quid id est?

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 91:

    unum cedo auctorem tui facti, unius profer exemplum,

    Cic. Verr 2, 5, 26, § 67:

    cedo mihi unum, qui, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 12, § 29: cedo, si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cato ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21: cedo, cujum puerum hic apposuisti? dic mihi. Ter. And. 4, 4, 24; cf. Naev. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 20; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 82; Pac. ap. Non. p. 85, 6; Cic. Part. Or. 1, 3:

    cedo igitur, quid faciam,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 9; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 71, 146; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 106: cedo, si conata peregit, tell how, if, etc., Juv. 13, 210; so id. 6, 504.—With dum:

    cedo dum, en unquam audisti, etc.?

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15.—
    B.
    In respect to action, cedo = fac, ut, grant that, let me:

    cedo ut bibam,

    Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 26:

    cedo ut inspiciam,

    id. Curc. 5, 2, 54:

    ego, statim, cedo, inquam si quid ab Attico,

    Cic. Att. 16, 13, a, 1.—
    C.
    For calling attention, lo! behold! well! cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109:

    cedo mihi ipsius Verris testimonium,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 33, § 84; id. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf. id. Brut. 86, 295; id. Sest. 50, 108:

    haec cedo ut admoveam templis, et farre litabo,

    Pers. 2, 75:

    cedo experiamur,

    App. Mag. p. 298, 14.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cedo

  • 18 dehinc

    dĕ-hinc (in the poets freq. monosyllabic, e. g. Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; Ov. F. 6, 788 al.; cf. App. Orth. 45. Dissyllabic in Verg. G. 3, 167; id. A. 3, 464; 5, 722; id. Hor. S. 1, 3, 104; id. A. P. 144; Sil. 8, 473 al.).— Adv., from this place forth, from here, hence.
    I.
    In space.
    A.
    Lit. (not ante-Aug. and rare):

    interiora Cedrosii, dehinc Persae habitant,

    Mel. 3, 8, 4; Plin. 3, 5, 6, § 38:

    dehinc ab Syria usque ad, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 5. —
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In the order of succession ( poet.):

    ex fumo dare lucem Cogitat ut speciosa dehinc miracula promat,

    Hor. A. P. 143; Sil. 8, 473.—
    2.
    Like our hence, to indicate a consequence (only in the foll. places):

    sequi decretum'st, dehinc conjicito ceterum,

    Plaut. Casin. 1, 6; Ter. And. 1, 2, 19.—
    II.
    In time, with or without respect to the terminus a quo (freq. in Plaut. and Ter. and since the Aug. period; not in Cic., Caes., or Quint.).
    A.
    With respect to the term. a quo, from this time forth, henceforth, henceforwards (in the future, opp. abhinc).
    (α).
    Cum futuro:

    si ante quidem mentitus est, nunc jam dehinc erit verax tibi,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 161; cf.:

    at ut scias, nunc dehinc latine jam loquar,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 69; Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 33.—
    (β).
    Cum praes.:

    profecto nemo est, quem jam dehinc metuam,

    Plaut. Asin. 1, 1, 98; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 5; so,

    ut quiescant,

    id. And. prol. 22:

    ne exspectetis,

    id. Ad. prol. 22: cf.:

    juro me L. Tarquinium Superbum ferro, igni, quacunque dehinc vi possim, exsecuturum,

    Liv. 1, 59.—
    (γ).
    With imperat.:

    at nunc dehinc scito, illum, etc.,

    Plaut. Asin. 5, 2, 8; cf. id. Poen. prol. 125. —
    b.
    Referring to a point of time in the past, thenceforwards, since then:

    cum ex instituto Tiberii omnes dehinc Caesares beneficia... aliter rata non haberent,

    Suet. Tit. 8:

    duplex dehinc fama est,

    id. Calig. 58. —
    B.
    Without respect to the term. a quo, pointing to a future time.
    1.
    Hereupon, afterwards, next, then (not anteAug.):

    Eurum ad se Zephyrumque vocat, dehinc talia fatur,

    Verg. A. 1, 131; 1, 256; 5, 722; 6, 678; Hor. S. 1, 3, 104:

    dehinc audito legionum tumultu raptim profectus, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 34; 13, 35; 15, 36; Suet. Caes. 35:

    post-positum,

    Tac. A. 4, 14; 13, 23; 13, 38:

    quae postquam vates sic ore effatus amico est, Dona dehinc... imperat ad naves ferri,

    Verg. A. 3, 464:

    de qua dehinc dicam,

    Suet. Aug. 97; id. Ner. 19.—
    2.
    In enumerations ( = deinde), then (rare, and, excepting once in Sall., not anteAug.):

    arduum videtur res gestas scribere: primum quod... dehinc quia, etc.,

    Sall. C. 3, 2;

    so after primum,

    Verg. G. 3, 167;

    after primo,

    Suet. Aug. 49 fin.:

    incipiet putrescere, dehinc laxata ire in humorem... tunc exsilient flumina, inde, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 29.—Cf. Hand, Turs. II. pp. 229-232.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dehinc

  • 19 observo

    ob-servo, āvi, ātum, 1 (archaic fut. perf. observasso, Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 57), v. a.
    I.
    In gen., to watch, note, heed, observe a thing; to take notice of, pay attention to (class.;

    syn.: animadverto, attendo): ne me observare possis, quid rerum geram,

    Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 14:

    quid ille faciat, ne id observes,

    id. Men. 5, 2, 38:

    fetus,

    to watch for, seek to catch, Verg. G. 4, 512:

    lupus observavit, dum dormitarent canes,

    watched, waited, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 133:

    occupationem alicujus, et aucupari tempus,

    to watch in order to take advantage of, Cic. Rosc. Am. 8, 22:

    si iniquitates observaveris, Domine,

    Vulg. Psa. 129, 3: tempus epistulae alicui reddendae, to watch or wait for, Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 1:

    et insidiari,

    to be on the watch, id. Or. 62, 210: observavit sedulo, ut praetor indiceret, etc., took care that, etc., Suet. Claud. 22.—So pass. impers.:

    observatum est, ne quotiens introiret urbem, supplicium de quoquam sumeretur,

    Suet. Aug. 57 fin.:

    observans Acerroniae necem,

    observing, perceiving, Tac. A. 14, 6:

    postquam poëta sensit, scripturam suam Ab iniquis observari,

    to be scrutinized, Ter. Ad. prol. 1:

    sese,

    to keep a close watch over one's self, Cic. Brut. 82, 283.—
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    To watch, guard, keep any thing:

    januam,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 7:

    fores,

    id. Mil. 2, 3, 57:

    greges,

    Ov. M. 1, 513: draconem, auriferam obtutu observantem arborem, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 9, 22; Sen. Hippol. 223.—
    B.
    To observe, respect, regard, attend to, heed, keep, comply with a law, precept, recommendation, etc.:

    leges,

    Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40:

    censoriam animadversionem,

    id. Clu. 42, 117:

    praeceptum diligentissime,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 35:

    imperium,

    Sall. J. 80, 2:

    foedus,

    Sil. 17, 78:

    centesimas,

    to adhere to, Cic. Att. 5, 21, 11:

    commendationes,

    to attend to, regard, id. Fam. 13, 27, 1:

    auspicia,

    Tac. G. 9:

    diem concilii,

    Liv. 1, 50, 6:

    ordines,

    to keep in the ranks, Sall. J. 51, 1.— Pass.:

    id ab omnibus,

    Just. 21, 4, 5.—
    C.
    To pay attention or respect to; to respect, regard, esteem, honor one (syn.:

    veneror, revereor): tribules suos,

    Cic. Planc. 18, 45:

    regem,

    Verg. G. 4, 210:

    me, ut alterum patrem, et observat, et diligit,

    Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    et colere aliquem,

    id. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    aliquem perofficiose et amanter,

    id. ib. 9, 20, 3:

    clarissimus et nobis observandus vir,

    Front. Ep. ad Anton. p. 4.—
    D.
    Observare se a quā re = se abstinere, Vulg. Judic. 13, 12.—
    E.
    To observe, notice, perceive (eccl. Lat.):

    Amasa non observavit gladium,

    Vulg. 2 Reg. 20, 10.—Hence,
    1.
    ob-servans, antis, P. a.
    A.
    Watchful, regardful, observant.—Comp.:

    observantior aequi Fit populus,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 296.— Sup.:

    observantissimus omnium officiorum,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 30, 1; 10, 11, 1: observantissima lex suorum itinerum, App. de Mundo, 33 fin. —
    B.
    Attentive, respectful:

    homo tui observans,

    Cic. Quint. 11, 39; Charis. 77 P.:

    observantissimus mei homo,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 11; id. Fam. 13, 3 init. —Hence, adv.: observanter, carefully, sedulously (post-class.):

    sequi,

    Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 1, § 7; App. Mag. p. 320, 11.— Comp.:

    observantius,

    Amm. 23, 6, 79.— Sup.:

    aliquid observantissime vitare,

    Gell. 10, 21.—
    b.
    Reverentially:

    ad precandum accedere,

    Lact. 5, 19, 26.—
    2.
    observātē, adv., observantly, carefully, perspicaciously (postclass.):

    observate curioseque animadvertit M. Tullius,

    Gell. 2, 17, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > observo

  • 20 Pietas

    1.
    pĭĕtas, ātis, f. [pius], dutiful conduct towards the gods, one's parents, relatives, benefactors, country, etc., sense of duty.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    With respect to the gods, piety:

    est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 115; 1, 2, 3; cf.: aequitas tripartita dicitur esse;

    una ad superos deos, altera ad manes, tertia ad homines pertinere. Prima pietas, secunda sanctitas, tertia justitia aut aequitas nominatur,

    id. Top. 23, 90: pietas adversus deos, id. [p. 1375] Fin. 3, 22, 73:

    deos placatos pietas efficiet et sanctitas,

    id. Off. 2, 3, 11; id. Rep. 1, 2, 2:

    senex fretus pietate deum,

    Naev. B. Punic. 3, 1; Enn. ap. Non. 160, 2 (Trag. v. 369 Vahl.): nec pietas ulla est, velatum saepe videri Vortier ad lapidem atque omnes accedere ad aras, etc., that is not piety, to incline with veiled head to the marble, etc., Lucr. 5, 1198.—
    2.
    Conscientiousness, scrupulousness, Ov. F. 6, 607.—So of love and duty towards God (eccl. Lat.;

    freq.),

    Vulg. 2 Macc. 3, 1; id. 2 Pet. 1, 6.— Plur., Vulg. 2 Pet. 3, 11.—
    B.
    With respect to one's parents, children, relatives, country, benefactors, etc., duty, dutifulness, affection, love, loyalty, patriotism, gratitude, etc.: Pa. Salve, mi pater insperate. Tr. Volup est, quom istuc ex pietate vestrā nobis contigit, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 132:

    patrem tuom si percoles per pietatem,

    dutifully, id. Trin. 2, 2, 3:

    justitia erga deos religio, erga parentes pietas nominatur,

    Cic. Part. 22, 78:

    quid est pietas, nisi voluntas grata in parentes?

    id. Planc. 33, 80:

    justitiam cole et pietatem, quae cum sit magna in parentibus et propinquis, tum in patriā maxima est,

    id. Rep. 6, 15, 15; cf.:

    pietas, quae erga patriam aut parentes, aut alios sanguine conjunctos officium conservare monet,

    id. Inv. 2, 22, 65; id. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:

    pietas in matrem,

    id. Lael. 3, 11; id. Att. 13, 39:

    mi mater, tua pietas plane nobis auxilio fuit,

    Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 122; cf.

    v. 99: felix nati pietate,

    Verg. A. 3, 480:

    solemnia pietatis,

    the last offices, Tac. Agr. 7:

    egregium narras mirā pietate parentem,

    Cat. 66, 29:

    pietas erga aliquem,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 1, 1:

    in aliquem,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 1:

    hic tui omnes valent summāque pietate te desiderant,

    id. ib. 6, 20, 2:

    nec publicae pietatis intererat, quid vocarere,

    to the affection of the citizens, Plin. Pan. 21, 3:

    militiae,

    Luc. 4, 499.—Towards a husband (rare):

    neque id (officium nostrum) magis facimus quam nos monet pietas,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 6; cf.:

    scelus est pietas in conjuge Tereo,

    Ov. M. 6, 635.—The formula PIETATIS CAVSA or EX PIETATE (opp. EX TESTAMENTO), in epitaphs, denotes that the heir raised the monument to the deceased, not because compelled by the latter's last will, but out of affection and respect, Inscr. Orell. 4692; Inscr. Fabr. p. 710, n. 314.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen. (mostly poet. and in postAug. prose).
    A.
    Justice:

    at tibi... pro talibus ausis Di, si qua est caelo pietas, quae talia curet, Persolvant grates dignas, etc.,

    Verg. A. 2, 536; cf. Sil. 6, 410; so Verg. A. 5, 688:

    summa deum pietas,

    Stat. S. 3, 3, 1; cf. Liv. 4, 42.—
    B.
    Gentleness, kindness, tenderness, pity, compassion:

    permittite Patres Conscripti a pietate vestrā impetrari, ut damnatis liberum mortis arbitrium indulgeatis,

    Suet. Dom. 11:

    senatus,

    Plin. Pan. 79, 4; Dig. 48, 9, 5.—In addressing a person:

    mea pietas,

    my kind friend, Plaut. Bacch. 5, 2, 57.—
    III.
    Pĭĕtas, personified, a goddess, Piety, who had two temples at Rome, Liv. 40, 34, 5; Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19; 2, 11, 28; id. Div. 1, 43, 98; Plin. 7, 36, 36, § 121; Val. Max. 5, 4, 7; Fest. p. 209 Müll.; Inscr. Orell. 1824 sq.; 3291.
    2.
    Pĭĕtas, ātis, f., a Roman surname, Inscr. Marin. Atti, p. 329.—
    II.
    Also, the name of a ship, Inscr. Orell. 3608.—
    III.
    Pietas Julia, a Roman colony in Istria, the mod. Pola, Plin. 3, 19, 23, § 129.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Pietas

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